Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026: 20 or 21 November? Date, Parana Time by City and Tulsi Vivah

Last updated: 21 October 2026 · By Acharya Alok Pandit, Divine Hindu, Jayanagar 3rd Block East, Bengaluru 560011 · ~18 min read

When is Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026?

Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026 is on Friday 20 November (Smarta) and Saturday 21 November (Vaishnava). It is the Ekadashi of the bright half of Kartik, also called Prabodhini Ekadashi, Haribodhini Ekadashi, Devutthana Ekadashi and, in Hindi, देवउठनी एकादशी (Devuthani or Deothan Ekadashi). Rama Ekadashi on 5 November was the one before it; Utpanna Ekadashi on 4 December is the next.

In 2026, Ekadashi tithi runs from 7:16 AM on 20 November to 6:32 AM on 21 November IST. Drik Panchang's New Delhi page prints 7:15 AM and 6:31 AM, Haindavam's Ujjain page 7:16 AM and 6:31 AM, and PanchangBodh 7:16 AM and 6:32 AM; our Swiss Ephemeris computation gives 7:16:07 AM and 6:31:59 AM. The one-minute spread is rounding, not disagreement.

The tithi and nakshatra boundaries are astronomy rather than interpretation: Drik Panchang, Haindavam, PanchangBodh and our own computation agree to within a minute. The disagreements in this article are about which day to observe, and they are set out below with the reasons.

Is Dev Uthani Ekadashi on 20 or 21 November 2026?

Both dates are used: Friday 20 November by Smarta households and most general almanacs, Saturday 21 November by Vaishnava traditions. The Dev Uthani Ekadashi date is not in doubt astronomically; what differs is the rule applied to a tithi that sits between two sunrises.

The Vaishnava rule is the more intuitive one: an Ekadashi touched by Dashami at sunrise is avoided, and the Dharmasindhu tradition, summarised in the Essence of Dharma Sindhu on kamakoti.org, weighs Dashami's overlap both at sunrise and in the pre-dawn arunodaya window, which Smartas and Vaishnavas reckon differently. Friday fails that test in every Indian city, which is why Vaishnavas move to Saturday.

The Smarta answer rests on a different principle. Haindavam's Patna page describes 2026 as a Trisparsha Mahadwadashi and explains that when Dwadashi is entirely missing at sunrise, Smartas move the fast earlier so the parana falls on a day when Dwadashi is still in force. That is exactly the situation here: Dwadashi ends at 4:57 AM on Sunday, before the Sunday sunrise.

Does the answer change in southern and eastern cities?

Slightly. In a city where the sun rises before 6:32 AM on Saturday, the last minutes of Ekadashi touch Saturday's sunrise: by 11 minutes in Bengaluru, 22 in Chennai, 39 in Kolkata and 46 in Guwahati (our computation; the table below has every city). A local panchangam that goes purely by the tithi at sunrise can therefore print Saturday 21 November in those cities. The general almanacs we checked, including Haindavam's Patna page, keep the Smarta fast on Friday even there. If your family follows a particular panchangam, follow it; if it is silent, ask your family purohit which of the two days the household keeps.

Our Ekadashi guide lists the date as Friday 20 November with the Vaishnava alternative on Saturday; see the Ekadashi 2026 list and fasting guide for every Ekadashi of the year.

When is the Dev Uthani Ekadashi parana (breaking the fast) in 2026?

For Smarta households, the parana is on Saturday 21 November after 12:08 PM, in the afternoon; for Vaishnava households it is after sunrise on Sunday 22 November. This is a detail many Dev Uthani pages do not mention, because the usual advice is to break the fast on Dwadashi morning.

Three rules combine. First, the parana is done on Dwadashi and not on Ekadashi itself. Second, it is not done during Hari Vasara, the first quarter of Dwadashi: Dwadashi runs for about 22 hours 25 minutes in 2026 (6:32 AM Saturday to 4:57 AM Sunday), so its first quarter ends at 12:08 PM. Our computation and Haindavam both give 12:08 PM. Third, Drik Panchang's method also steers clear of madhyahna, the middle fifth of the day, and closes the window at the end of the fourth fifth of the day; hence New Delhi's window of 1:11 to 3:18 PM, which matches both Daanyam's published figure and our own calculation to the minute.

Dwadashi ends at 4:57 AM on Sunday, before sunrise. That is why Vaishnava households, whose fast is on Saturday, simply break it after sunrise on Sunday 22 November. In Houston, Drik prints Saturday 6:51 to 8:58 AM, which is the ordinary morning pattern; Houston's Ekadashi began on Thursday evening, so its Dwadashi and Hari Vasara fall earlier in the local day.

Practical note: a Smarta household that begins the fast on Friday is therefore fasting until Saturday afternoon. Families with an elder, a child, a pregnancy, a medical condition or medication to consider traditionally keep a lighter fast and take their doctor's advice; the PanchangBodh page makes the same point. The Ekadashi list on this site describes the standard parana discipline in our Ekadashi guide; for 2026 Dev Uthani, apply that discipline to the afternoon window rather than the morning.

Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026 parana and sunrise by city

The Smarta parana window on Saturday 21 November opens between 12:13 PM (Guwahati) and 1:31 PM (Mumbai, Ahmedabad) and closes between 2:23 PM and 3:45 PM, depending on the city's day length. The table gives each city's sunrise and sunset on Saturday 21 November, whether Ekadashi is still running at that sunrise, and the window.

How to read this table. All figures are IST and computed from the Swiss Ephemeris using Drik Panchang's method (sunrise as the upper limb with refraction; window from the later of the end of Hari Vasara and the end of the middle fifth of the day, to the end of the fourth fifth). New Delhi's window agrees with Daanyam's published figure to the minute. For Patna and Ujjain, Haindavam prints windows one to two minutes earlier than ours (12:39 to 2:48 PM and 1:17 to 3:28 PM) because it uses a slightly different sunrise. The windows, sunrises and sunsets for all sixteen cities match Drik Panchang's city pages. Choose the window your own panchangam prints if it differs.

Sunset is included because the evening is when Tulsi Vivah is traditionally held. Sunset and the start of the evening pradosh are astronomy; we do not print a Tulsi Vivah muhurat clock time, because the evening windows published on other sites (one of which prints 5:24 to 8:46 PM for Delhi) did not match a second source we could verify.

Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026 in the USA, UK, UAE, Singapore and Australia

Outside India the fast is on Friday 20 November in the UK, the UAE and North America, and on Saturday 21 November in Singapore and Australia. The reason is simply where Ekadashi (7:16 AM IST on 20 November to 6:32 AM IST on 21 November) falls against local sunrise.

The Houston row is cross-checked against Drik Panchang's Houston page and the ISKCON Houston calendar, both of which print Friday 20 November for the fast and Saturday 21 November for the parana. The Dubai and Singapore parana windows are Drik Panchang's figures for those cities. The other rows are our computation; where Ekadashi is already running at a local sunrise, that day is the udaya-tithi observance, but diaspora temples and priests often follow a regional almanac, so check with yours. Singapore and Australia are the cases most likely to differ.

What is Dev Uthani Ekadashi, and why does Vishnu "wake up"?

Dev Uthani Ekadashi is the eleventh lunar day of the bright half of Kartik, on which Vishnu is traditionally believed to wake from his four-month sleep and the period of Chaturmas ends. The Sanskrit name Prabodhini means "awakening" and Utthana means "rising"; Wikipedia's entry on Prabodhini Ekadashi lists Deva Uttana, Haribodhini and Deothan among its names, and Nepal calls it Thulo Ekadashi, "the great Ekadashi".

Chaturmas, the four-month rainy-season pause, begins on Devshayani Ekadashi, which in 2026 fell on Saturday 25 July (Haindavam and Vedpanchang agree). Vishnu is said to rest on Shesha through those months and to wake on Prabodhini Ekadashi. The Hare Krishna Movement's account of the vrata, which attributes it to a Skanda Purana dialogue between Brahma and Narada, describes it as a day of unusual merit and gives graded benefits for a full fast, a single midday meal or an evening meal. That page does not cite a chapter, and we have not independently verified a chapter reference, so we report it as the tradition's own attribution.

In practice the day is a threshold. Weddings, housewarmings and other major rites that were traditionally set aside during Chaturmas become possible again, which is why the Hindu wedding season is often said to open now. Whether a particular day is suitable for a wedding depends on further panchang factors, so this page lists no wedding dates; our Griha Pravesh 2026 guide explains how families check them. The month around this Ekadashi is described in our guide to Kartik month 2026.

How to observe Dev Uthani Ekadashi at home (puja vidhi)

The vidhi is simple: a bath and sankalp, a day-long fast, the waking of the deity with conch and bells, worship of Vishnu with tulsi and sugarcane, and a parana at the right time. Families differ on when the awakening is done: PanchangBodh describes a dawn wake-up with conch, bells and songs; Dekho Panchang places the puja in the middle of the day; Wikipedia describes an evening puja to Lakshmi and Vishnu with floor designs of rice paste and red earth. Follow your family's hour.

1. Take a bath and make the sankalp. Begin with a bath and a resolve to keep the fast in the form your family follows: fruit and milk, a single meal, or a waterless fast.
2. Prepare the place. Clean the puja space, draw a small rangoli or a chauk with rice paste, and set up Vishnu, Shaligram or Krishna. Our guide to puja at home covers the general order of worship.
3. Wake the deity. Ring a bell, blow the conch and sing short waking verses. North Indian households commonly sing "Uthho Dev, Baithho Dev". A well-known Sanskrit waking verse, "Uttishthottishtha Govinda, uttishtha Garudadhvaja, uttishtha Kamalakanta, trailokyam mangalam kuru", comes from the Sri Venkatesa Suprabhatam, the dawn hymn of Tirumala; in our translation it asks Govinda, the bearer of the Garuda banner and beloved of Lakshmi, to rise and bring well-being to the three worlds.
4. Bathe and dress the deity. Panchamrit and clean water, yellow cloth, sandalwood and a tulsi garland, as in Dekho Panchang's description of the abhishek.
5. Offer seasonal produce. Sugarcane, singhara (water chestnut), ber, other seasonal fruit, yellow flowers and tulsi leaves. Light a ghee lamp; the lamp wick and oil choices are discussed in our ghee and oil diya guide.
6. Read or hear the katha and recite Vishnu's names. The Vishnu Sahasranama or another stotra of your choice, then aarti with camphor.
7. Keep the evening and the night. Tradition favours a lamp at the Tulsi and, for those who can, a night of bhajans and vigil. The Hare Krishna Movement's account of the Skanda Purana narrative lists the vigil as part of the observance.
8. Break the fast at the right time. See the parana section above: Saturday afternoon for Smarta households, Sunday after sunrise for Vaishnava households. Charity or feeding someone in need traditionally accompanies the parana.

For a fuller description of daily and festival worship, see our guides to the puja thali and how to do aarti.

What are the fasting rules for Dev Uthani Ekadashi?

The traditional rule is to avoid grains and eat only fruit, milk and simple fasting foods, or to take one light meal, with some devotees keeping a waterless fast. The details vary by household, sampradaya and personal health, and none of them is required of anyone for whom fasting is unsafe.

• Grains and rice. Most households traditionally avoid rice and other grains on Ekadashi. Fruit, milk, water chestnut and other fasting foods are the usual choices.
• Degrees of fasting. PanchangBodh describes fruit, milk and water as the common form, with some keeping nirjala (waterless) and the elderly, unwell, pregnant or diabetic keeping a partial fast. The Hare Krishna Movement's account lists a full fast, a single midday meal or an evening meal as graded options. In the Swaminarayan tradition, Wikipedia notes, the day is often kept with a waterless fast.
• Tulsi leaves. Sandipani's note on the subject says tulsi leaves are traditionally not eaten on Ekadashi, though tulsi offered to the Lord remains central to worship. See our guide to tulsi in Hindu worship for the wider tradition.
• Hari Vasara. Do not break the fast in the first quarter of Dwadashi; in 2026 that runs from 6:32 AM to 12:08 PM on Saturday 21 November.
• Health first. Anyone with a medical condition, on medication, pregnant, elderly or a child should consult a doctor and, if they wish, their family priest, who can suggest a gentler observance.

When is Tulsi Vivah in 2026, and how is it connected to Dev Uthani Ekadashi?

Tulsi Vivah 2026 is on Saturday 21 November, the evening of Kartik Shukla Dwadashi, the day after Dev Uthani Ekadashi in the Smarta reckoning. It is the ceremonial marriage of the Tulsi plant, dressed as a bride, to Shaligram or an image of Vishnu or Krishna, and it is the first festival of the post-Chaturmas season.

Dwadashi runs from 6:32 AM on 21 November to 4:57 AM on 22 November, so Saturday evening is Dwadashi in every reading. A second custom is to hold the marriage on the evening of Ekadashi itself, Friday 20 November, and hindu-blog.com lists both days; SmartPuja's Tulsi Vivah page says the festival may be kept any day between Prabodhini Ekadashi and Kartik Purnima. Our dedicated guide to Tulsi Vivah 2026: date, significance and puja vidhi gives the full ceremony, and the care of the plant is covered in Tulsi plant at home: direction and care.

If your family marries Tulsi on Saturday evening, you will also be breaking the Ekadashi fast that day, so plan the afternoon parana window first and the evening ceremony after sunset (5:25 PM in New Delhi, 5:50 PM in Bengaluru, 5:59 PM in Mumbai).

How is Prabodhini Ekadashi observed across India?

Prabodhini Ekadashi is observed under many names, from the Varkari pilgrimage at Pandharpur to the Panchuka of Odisha and the Lili Parikrama of Girnar. The names and customs below are a regional sketch rather than a rulebook; local temples and panchangams decide the details.

• North India (देवउठनी एकादशी, Devuthani or Deothan Ekadashi). Households wake Vishnu with bells and songs, draw floor designs, and surround the Tulsi with sugarcane. Wikipedia notes that the day marks the start of the sugarcane harvest, with field worship and sugarcane hung up in some homes until Holi.
• Maharashtra (कार्तिकी एकादशी, Kartiki Ekadashi). The Kartik Ekadashi Yatra to the Vitthal Rukmini Temple at Pandharpur is the second great pilgrimage there after Ashadhi Ekadashi, according to the temple's own page on India's Utsav portal. Wikipedia adds that the state government's ritual worship at Pandharpur is traditionally performed on this day. hindu-blog.com lists the yatra for Saturday 21 November; confirm the day with the Vitthal Rukmini Mandir Committee or a Maharashtra panchang.
• Gujarat (દેવઉઠી એકાદશી). Wikipedia records the 32-km, two-day Lili Parikrama around Mount Girnar in the days around Prabodhini Ekadashi. We have not verified the 2026 start date, so check the Junagadh administration's notice before travelling.
• Odisha (ପ୍ରବୋଧିନୀ ଏକାଦଶୀ). Panchuka, also called Bagapanchuka, is a five-day observance from this Ekadashi to Kartik Purnima, with a visit to the Jagannath temple at Puri and a sea bath at Mahodadhi, according to Hindupad's account. It overlaps with Bhishma Panchak, which Haindavam lists from 20 to 24 November 2026.
• Tamil Nadu and Andhra (கைசிக ஏகாதசி, ప్రబోధిని ఏకాదశి). The same Ekadashi is known as Kaisika Ekadashi in Vaishnava temples such as Srirangam and Tirumala, according to Hindupad, and listings aimed at those states print Friday 20 November. The following day is described there as Kaisika Dwadashi.
• Karnataka (ಪ್ರಬೋಧಿನಿ ಏಕಾದಶಿ). Kannada households typically keep the same fast and Tulsi marriage, following a local panchanga; the amanta Kartik of the south begins on 10 November 2026, as our Kartik guide explains.
• Rajasthan and Nepal. Wikipedia says the Pushkar fair begins on this day and runs to Kartik Purnima, and that Nepal calls it Thulo Ekadashi.

The festivals that surround this Ekadashi are part of one long arc: Chhath ends on 16 November (see our Chhath Puja 2026 guide), Dev Uthani Ekadashi and Tulsi Vivah follow, and Kartik Purnima on 24 November brings Dev Diwali.

Why do some pages print 19, 20 or 21 November for Dev Uthani Ekadashi?

Pages differ because they use different time zones, different sampradayas, or different tithi times. We found three patterns in the pages we read.

• US-time-zone calculations. Drik Panchang's Houston page prints Ekadashi from 7:45 PM on 19 November, which is 7:16 AM IST on 20 November. SmartPuja's Devutthana page gives Thursday 19 November with a parana on 20 November; we could not reconcile that with any Indian almanac.
• The "next morning" default. Many pages carry the standard instruction to break the fast on Dwadashi morning. In 2026, Saturday morning is Hari Vasara for Smartas, so that default does not apply.
• Different Dwadashi times. SmartPuja's Tulsi Vivah page prints Dwadashi from 6:56 AM on 21 November to 4:47 AM on 22 November. Drik Panchang, Haindavam, PanchangBodh and our computation give 6:31 or 6:32 AM and 4:56 or 4:57 AM. We have used the latter set because four calculations agree.

How we checked these dates

Every date and time on this page was checked against at least two independent sources, except where a note says otherwise; where they differ, both readings are printed.

• Tithi and nakshatra times: Drik Panchang (New Delhi), Haindavam (Ujjain) and PanchangBodh against our Swiss Ephemeris computation.
• Smarta versus Vaishnava dates: Haindavam's Smarta and Vaishnava pages, PanchangBodh, Daanyam, the ISKCON Bangalore and ISKCON Houston calendars.
• Parana window: Haindavam (Hari Vasara end, Patna and Ujjain windows), Daanyam and Drik's Delhi figures, Drik Panchang's Houston page and our computation.
• Chaturmas and sibling festivals: Haindavam and Vedpanchang for Devshayani Ekadashi; Drik Panchang's Ekadashi list for the surrounding Ekadashis.
• Regional practice: Wikipedia, the temple's India Utsav page, Hindupad, Hare Krishna Mandir and Sandipani.

Sources:

• Drik Panchang: Prabodhini Ekadashi date and time
• Drik Panchang: Ekadashi dates 2026
• Haindavam: Smarta Prabodhini Ekadashi 2026 (Patna)
• Haindavam: Vaishnava Prabodhini Ekadashi 2026 (Ujjain)
• Haindavam: Bhishma Panchak 2026
• PanchangBodh: Dev Uthani Ekadashi
• Daanyam: Devuthani Ekadashi 2026
• ISKCON Bangalore: Ekadashi calendar
• ISKCON Houston: 2026 Vaishnava calendar (PDF)
• Essence of Dharma Sindhu, chapter 5 (kamakoti.org)
• Hare Krishna Mandir: Glories of Utthana Ekadashi
• Sandipani: tulsi leaves on Ekadashi
• Hindupad: Panchuka in Odisha
• Hindupad: Kaisika Ekadashi
• Haindavam: Devshayani Ekadashi 2026
• Vedpanchang: Ashadhi (Devshayani) Ekadashi 2026
• Dekho Panchang: Devutthana Ekadashi puja
• Shlokam: Utthishto Utthishta Govinda
• hindu-blog.com: Hindu festivals in November 2026
• SmartPuja: Tulsi Vivah 2026
• Wikipedia: Prabodhini Ekadashi; India Utsav: Kartiki Ekadashi, Pandharpur

What comes next

After Dev Uthani Ekadashi on 20 and 21 November, Tulsi Vivah follows on the evening of 21 November. Bhishma Panchak runs to Kartik Purnima on Tuesday 24 November, which is also Dev Diwali at the Varanasi ghats and Guru Nanak Jayanti; the Purnima tithi runs from 11:42 PM on 23 November to 8:23 PM on 24 November (Drik Panchang and Prokerala). The next Ekadashis are Utpanna Ekadashi on 4 December and Mokshada Ekadashi on 20 December, the latter covered in our guide to Margashirsha month. Looking back, the festival season began with Narak Chaturdashi and continued through Govardhan Puja and Bhai Dooj; every date for the rest of the year is in our Hindu festival calendar 2026 and the Purnima and Amavasya 2026 list.

Frequently Asked Questions

When is Dev Uthani Ekadashi in 2026?

Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026 is on Friday 20 November for Smarta households, and Saturday 21 November for Vaishnava traditions. Kartik Shukla Ekadashi tithi runs from 7:16 AM on 20 November to 6:32 AM on 21 November IST, so the two readings come from the same tithi. Tulsi Vivah is on Saturday 21 November.

What time does Ekadashi tithi start and end on Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026?

Ekadashi tithi begins at 7:16 AM on Friday 20 November 2026 and ends at 6:32 AM on Saturday 21 November, IST. Drik Panchang prints 7:15 AM and 6:31 AM for New Delhi, a one-minute rounding difference. Dwadashi then runs until 4:57 AM on Sunday 22 November.

When should I break the Dev Uthani Ekadashi fast in 2026?

Smarta households break the fast on Saturday 21 November, after Hari Vasara ends at 12:08 PM and, in the Drik Panchang method, after the midday window. In New Delhi that is 1:11 to 3:18 PM. Vaishnava households break it after sunrise on Sunday 22 November.

Why can the fast not be broken on the morning of 21 November 2026?

Dwadashi begins at 6:32 AM on 21 November, and its first quarter, Hari Vasara, lasts until 12:08 PM. Traditional rules avoid breaking an Ekadashi fast during Hari Vasara. The almanacs also steer clear of the midday period, so the Delhi window opens at 1:11 PM.

Is Tulsi Vivah on 20 or 21 November 2026?

Tulsi Vivah is traditionally kept on Kartik Shukla Dwadashi, which in 2026 is Saturday 21 November, and the ceremony is held in the evening. Some families perform it on the evening of Ekadashi itself, Friday 20 November, or on any day up to Kartik Purnima on 24 November.

Why do some websites show Dev Uthani Ekadashi on 19 November 2026?

Calculations made for the United States show Ekadashi beginning on the evening of Thursday 19 November, because it starts at 7:16 AM IST on 20 November. For India, the observance is 20 or 21 November. A page printing 19 November without a time zone is not following an Indian almanac.

What is the difference between Smarta and Vaishnava Dev Uthani Ekadashi?

In 2026 the Smarta fast is on Friday 20 November and the Vaishnava fast on Saturday 21 November. Vaishnava traditions avoid an Ekadashi touched by Dashami at sunrise, and Ekadashi starts after Friday's sunrise in India. Almanacs such as Haindavam list the second day as the Vaishnava Prabodhini Ekadashi.

Does Dev Uthani Ekadashi end Chaturmas?

Yes. Chaturmas is the four-month period that traditionally begins on Devshayani Ekadashi, which fell on Saturday 25 July 2026, and ends on Prabodhini Ekadashi. Vishnu is believed to wake on this day, and the pause on weddings and housewarmings is traditionally lifted after it.

What is offered to Vishnu on Dev Uthani Ekadashi?

Families traditionally offer tulsi leaves, yellow flowers, sugarcane, singhara (water chestnut), ber and seasonal fruit, with a ghee lamp, incense and panchamrit. Sugarcane stalks are often arranged as a mandap around the Tulsi plant. Practice varies by region and family, so follow your own tradition.

Can I eat rice or grains on Dev Uthani Ekadashi?

Most households traditionally avoid grains, including rice, on Ekadashi and eat fruit, milk or a single simple meal. Some keep a waterless fast. Families traditionally advise that the elderly, the unwell, pregnant women and anyone on medication take a lighter fast and consult their doctor.

When is the next Ekadashi after Dev Uthani Ekadashi 2026?

The next Ekadashi is Utpanna Ekadashi on Friday 4 December 2026, followed by Mokshada Ekadashi on Sunday 20 December 2026, according to Drik Panchang's list for New Delhi. Dev Uthani Ekadashi itself is the Ekadashi of Kartik Shukla, and Rama Ekadashi on 5 November was the one before it.

What is Bhishma Panchak and when does it start in 2026?

Bhishma Panchak is a five-day observance from Prabodhini Ekadashi to Kartik Purnima. Haindavam lists it from 20 November to 24 November 2026. Devotees traditionally fast, light ghee lamps for Vishnu and make offerings in memory of Bhishma Pitamaha's last teachings on the bed of arrows.

A thali for the evening puja

The Dev Uthani and Tulsi Vivah evening is traditionally kept with a lamp, flowers, kumkum, sugarcane and a thali for the aarti. Families commonly use a pooja thali for this, and our guide to Satyanarayan puja, traditionally performed for Vishnu on auspicious days, lists the usual samagri. Keep any lamp on a stable surface away from curtains and children.

Times are IST unless stated and shift with your location. Where almanacs differ by convention we have printed both readings rather than choosing one. Customs vary by family, sampradaya and region, and nothing here promises any material or spiritual result. Confirm your own observance, and the fast and parana days, with your family purohit.